Have you heard about molting geese? What does that mean? Join us as we explore why and when geese molt...

What is Molting?

Moltingrefers to geese dropping their feathers during the month of June and early July. With nesting finished and little ones hatched, the birds will search for their summer homes and a safe environment for molting and raising their young.

Do All Geese Molt?

Yes, all of the geese species - and there are as many as twenty - molt their primary, or flight feathers in the summer. In fact, not just geese but all waterfowl do. This affords the birds a full, brand-new set of flight feathers for their long migration journey. While they are molting, Canada geese are grounded and cannot fly; this is in contrast to ducks. Yearlings will go through the molting process shortly after their first birthday.

Why Do Geese Molt?

• Molting usually starts in late June or early July and aids with regulating their body temperature in the the summer heat. Molting helps to cool the goose by increasing the area of bare skin.
  
  
• Molting also helps with getting rid of damaged or worn flight  feathers. By shedding their old feathers, geese can make way for new, healthy, dense  feathers that will allow for migration and also help them stay warm once temperatures drop.
  
  

The Molt Migration

Molting is physically taxing, and requires the birds to be flightless for 3 to 4 weeks while shedding their primary feathers. Because the molt is such a demanding process, many of the birds will fly a long ways to find the ideal location to safely spend the summer. Geese with young offspring will stay at their breeding grounds to molt while those who did not breed will have to leave. 

Who participates in the Molt Migration?

The molt migration is all about leveraging resources. Those who have a half dozen tiny adorable goslings following them around, will spend this time remaining at their breeding sites. But those sites likely cannot sustain all of the geese that are there in early spring. Geese often don't find a mate and breed until they are  between 2 to 4 years old, so those youngsters need to move on and leave whatever food is there for the ones rearing their offspring. Those who did breed but had a failed nest also leave and join Pre-Molt Groups. 

What are Pre-Molt Groups

Adult geese that failed to hatch eggs, geese that have not yet found a mate (or lost their mate), or geese too young to breed (last year’s goslings) will flock up in what is referred to as “pre-molt groups”. With no babies to raise and no territory or nests to defend, these geese will form their own little (or large!) flocks. They will be looking for abundant feeding grounds as they make their way farther north.

Properties that had no geese issues all throughout spring may suddenly become inundated with large groups of geese and the mess they leave behind.  Not only are we talking the usual droppings, but feathers - LOTS of feathers - as well.

Where do the Birds migrate to?

The molt is all about resources, so these geese go to where they can find lots of nutrition and safety - and that is often north. Remember, they cannot fly away during this time. Rivers, streams, any bodies of water provide a quick escape route from predators, if necessary. In fact, streams also double as a sort of water highway to travel on - if resources dwindle in one spot, they can move on to the next. Before fall they all will head back to their original spring destination to reunite with the main flock. This isn't so much about the flock or social structure, but rather about the fall migration route. The group that took part in the molt migration does not know the way south from where they are at. Hence, they'll join the ones who stayed put at the nesting site and they will all set out for their winter destination together, followint the tried and trusted path that brought them here.

Why is the Molt significant in terms of Geese Control and Removal?

Canada Geese are one of the many migratory birds found in Canada who migrate to a more southern climate during the winter months. Most geese winter in the southern United States and Mexico, but due to the noticeable changes in our climate, some geese are still wintering in the southern most regions of central and western Canada, where winters are not lasting nearly as long as they have in the past. Most geese are still migrating, but may not be travelling as far south as previously recorded.

The V-Formation

Almost everyone in Canada has seen geese flying in a V shape formation, but many people are still unsure of the direct benefit of this formation to the geese. Geese fly in a V formation for one main reason, energy conservation.  

Migrating is a long and tiresome journey, and being an egotistical goose in this situation, can lead to mortality through starvation or over exertion of energy. Thankfully, through evolution, geese and other migratory birds have developed behavioural traits that allow them to work as a team rather than as an individual, providing a mutually beneficial outcome for the entire flock.

Leading The Flock

Each goose shares the responsibility of leading the flock. This position is the most difficult to hold due to the fact that the leading goose is subject to the largest amount of wind resistance, and consequently the largest energy expenditure. Each goose behind the lead flies slightly higher than the goose in front of them. This reduces the amount of wind resistance each successive goose is experiencing, in turn reducing the energy output required to migrate. All members of the flock are willing to take turns in this position, only to spend an equal amount of time flying in a low energy cost situation. Migratory birds are truly the epitome of teamwork, and would experience a large population decrease every year during migration if it wasn’t for this wonderful evolutionary adaptation.

Hawkeye is the ONLY Toronto and Golden Horseshoe area licensed Pest Bird Control Specialist offering PERMANENT REMOVAL & GUARANTEED RESULTS. We are uniquely qualified under permits and licenses to PERMANENTLY REMOVE AND CONTROL pest birds such as pigeons, seagulls, geese, starlings, and swallows using a variety of methods including Birds of Prey.  Additionally, we offer cleaning and disinfecting of affected areas and facilitate the future exclusion of birds.

Now with 7 Locations ( 6 In Canada and 1 in the U.S), we are ready to serve you better in Acton,  Toronto, Oshawa,  Bowmanville,  two locations in Mississauga and West Palm Beach in Florida.

Contact us today or Email us at [email protected] if you need help with pest bird control and/or pest bird removal.

Pest Birds such asCormorants,Crows,Ducks,Doves,Geese,Grackels,Seagulls,Pigeons,Robins,Sparrows andStarlings.

Related Articles:
https://www.hawkeye.ca/blog/how-to-get-rid-of-geese-preparing-for-migration-in-the-gta

Hopefully, you enjoyed our 2-part series "Goose Control for GTA Cemeteries and Graveyards" - if you've missed it, check out Part I and Part II now.

Below, we've summed up the most popular questions we receive in regards to geese and cemeteries. Call Hawkeye for a professional assessment and long-term geese management plan.

Canada Geese are about to return to nest and spend their summer in Brampton and towns all over Ontario. Hopefully, you have your permits in place and you and your professional goose control partner have agreed on a geese management plan that focuses on disrupting the breeding and nesting cycle.

Like so many cities in our beautiful province, Brampton offers perfect breeding and feeding grounds for geese. Its many old cemeteries, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds and artificial bodies of water attract a large number of water fowl and other wildlife - and that doesn't come without challenges.

Geese Nest Removal in Brampton

Nest Removal is just one method to consider when making a geese management plan. Virtually all bird control measures require 2 or more methods employed simultaneously or one following another to ensure long term success. Canada geese have incredibly strong migration and nesting instincts. Geese will return to "their" Brampton nesting site year after year, so making that site unattractive is a non-lethal and humane way to make geese reconsider and change their choice of breeding location.

Geese are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and any interference with nests or eggs requires a permit.

Understanding the Challenge: Why Geese Nest Removal Is Necessary

Overpopulation

Since Canada Geese have adapted so well to living alongside humans and as there are fewer natural predators in urban centers like Brampton, more goslings survive their first year of life and  go on to continue the cycle of migration and breeding. Many female geese will return to and raise families (up to eleven wee ones in one season) where they themselves hatched and grow the size of the flock exponentially.

Public Safety

• Aggression
  During nesting season, both parents-to-be have very defined roles. The female tends to the eggs and the male provides for her and keeps the nest safe. He takes his job very seriously and aggressively defends his mate and the nest. With a steady increase in the Brampton goose population, geese attacks are on the rise. 
  
  
• Slip and Fall Accidents
  When an entire flock of geese congregates in a public park, marina, or other greenspace, there will be goose droppings. They are plentiful, messy, smelly, and slippery.
  
  
• Spread of Disease
  Birds carry bacteria, viruses, and parasites on feathers, and expel them through their droppings. Once dried, goose droppings and potential diseases become airborne.
  
  
• Bird Strikes
  We mainly think of aircraft when we hear the word bird strike but did you know that thousands of automobiles collide with geese every year. Due to their size, those collisions can be fatal. With its close proximity to Pearson International Airport as well as Hwy 410, this is a real concern for Brampton.
  
  

Property Damage

Golf Courses in particular suffer substantial and costly consequences from grazing geese. Young, fresh shoots are the most popular and will be decimated in no time - leaving grass unable to regenerate.  Goose dropping are unsightly, unsanitary, and somewhat dampen the experience.

Environmental Concerns

• Water Quality
  With the ongoing overpopulation of geese come concerns about water quality. Algae and bacteria such as E-coli contaminate many ponds, especially smaller ones.
  
  
• Soil Erosion
  Overgrazing at river banks and other waters' edges leads to soil erosion.

Please note: All Control Methods related to Geese are subject to permits issued by Environment Canada.

This is a brief overview of your options when dealing with Geese damage, along with advantages and disadvantages. We can either chase while geese are flying, remove nests and eggs when they are laying, or capture and relocate while they are molting.

Often a combination of methods proves most effective; contact us to dicuss a program customized to your needs and budget.

Also see this article comparing geese nest removal and chemical oiling »

Geese Relocation

Please click image(s) to enlarge:

Molting geese can not fly and will be captured, corralled and relocated to another area south west of you, approximately 300-400 kms away.

Advantages: 

• Historically no return for the rest of the season; 
• Sometimes deters them from coming back the next year; 
• Excellent results.

Disadvantages: 

• More public & obvious;
• More costly, as it requires 1-2 days of labour with 3-4 staff members depending on number of Geese and transport over a day.

Chasing Geese:

Chase with Dogs & Birds of Prey or Pyrotechnics

Advantages:

• Dogs on the ground and Birds of Prey in the air;
• Effective and keeps geese off your property;
• Geese are extremely scared of Eagles and will disperse quickly.

Disadvantages:

• Repeated services necessary, therefore more costly.

Nest removal:

Involves walking to every nest on your property, remove all eggs and nest out.

Advantages:

• The entire population in your area will not increase;
• Upsets geese and encourages them to move to a new area and re-nest;
• Also means they will set up territory at this new site, as will their offspring.

Disadvantages: 
None

Shooting:

Use of 12 gauge, air rifle, or .22 Caliber, where firearms are permitted. There will be a limit of birds shot on your permit. 

Advantages: 

• 100% effective; What you kill will not ever come back.

Disadvantages:
A Public Relations nightmare - You will be seen as a killer of Geese (Case in point The City of Mississauga) Mayor Hazel is probably our strongest mayor in Canada, but with over 93% approval rating even she felt the wrath of animal rights activists. Very difficult to keep quiet, especially in public areas. This should not be taken lightly as certain animal rights activists have become quite militant.

Related Articles:
https://www.hawkeye.ca/blog/how-to-get-rid-of-molting-geese-summer-goose-control

Because Canada goose behaviour changes significantly during nesting season, springtime deserves its own goose management strategy. Many property owners find that small goose issues can become major property management issues if left unaddressed.

Geese become less willing to leave previously successful breeding sites during nesting season, a time when most complaints, conflicts, and aggressive encounters occur. This article explores why property owners should not wait until goslings appear before taking action, as well as how to remove nesting geese.

When thinking of a cemetery, most of us envision a beautifully landscaped park-like place of peace where we are able to reflect, remember, and mourn. We do not expect to be confronted by aggressive Canada geese.

Unlike retail plazas or office parks, cemeteries must balance a quiet atmosphere and religious or cultural sensitivity with visitor safety, year-round public access and strict maintenance standards. 

When goose populations become established on cemetery grounds, professional goose removal for cemeteries may be required to restore safety, cleanliness, and the peaceful environment visitors expect.

Our beloved Canada geese are intelligent birds with excellent memory and a strong homing instinct. Hence, they return to the same breeding and nesting grounds year after year. Females will often stay with the flock and breed where they themselves hatched. With those nesting grounds often being in fairly populated areas, fewer natural predators and ample food ensure high survival rates of goslings and yearlings - and the flock grows. And grows.

The geese population in many urban areas will continue to explode if left unchecked. What is needed here is early intervention - ideally, before breeding and nesting begins. That means that very early spring is when we need to take measures to disrupt the breeding cycle and encourage geese to leave.

Canada Goose Nesting Behaviour

Our fine feathered friends arrive often as early as March, back from their sunny winter home down south. The sole reason for their lengthy and strenuous migration is to breed in northern climates. The ideal nesting site for a flock of Canada geese includes:

• Proximity and access to water;
  
  
• Open grassy areas with little or no obstructed views;
  
  
• Access to food other than fresh grass shoots.
  

Understanding and taking into consideration when, how, and where geese will settle to breed and nest is imperative when implementing goose control measures.

Why Do Geese Return to the Same Spot Every Year?

• Geese Imprint on Successful Nesting Sites
  After having a successful breeding season, geese are almost guaranteed to return to the same site. After all, it worked out well and now the goslings hatched at this site, call it home as well.
  
  
• They have strong Memory and Site Fidelity 
  Again, after a successful nesting season, this site is now the starting point (and return destination) of their migratory route.
  
  
• Site Suitability
  As long as there is plenty of food and other conditions favour successful breeding, there is no reason to change course and look for different nesting grounds.
  
  

Why Egg Oiling/Addling Doesn’t Break the Cycle

We often see egg addling or oiling advertised and hailed as a solution - when it really isn't. 

• Geese don’t know the eggs are no longer viable and keep sitting on them.
  
  
• You will still have to deal with them for the entire season until fall migration begins.
  
  
• It would likely take several unsuccessful breeding seasons before geese gave up and moved on.
  
  
• Egg oiling or addling prolongs the problem and delays the solution. It does not produce the desired outcome: make the flock of geese leave on their own.
  
  

Early Intervention — Disrupting Pre-Nesting Activity

• Timing is Critical
  Geese that stay in our northern climates and do not migrate south may begin scouting nesting locations in late winter to early spring. Geese that are migrating north already have the nesting location engrained in their memory. Either way, the time for action is early March.
  
  
• Visual Signs to Watch for
  Pairs of geese walking your property, inspecting quiet corners, especially near water.
  
  

Strategies to Stop Geese before Nesting begins

• Falconry for Geese Control
  Flying large birds of prey (eagles) overhead will make the area appear unsafe and unsuitable for nesting;
  
  
• Hazing with Dogs
  Having dogs patrol and chase geese on the ground will reinforce that the area is not desirable for breeding and nesting;
  
  
• Lasers
  Expertly deployed lasers in low light conditions will also reiterate that the area is unpredictable and unsafe;
  
  
• Habitat Modification
  Letting grass grow 4 inches or taller, planting shrubs or otherwise obstructing the view will make the location less desirable and dicourage geese from nesting;
  
  
• Fencing or Pond Wiring
  Low fences along the shore line will make landing and taking flight more difficult and wiring or netting across ponds will also prevent geese from seeking refuge in the water.
  
  

Note: All goose control measures require appropriate permits. Contact Hawkeye Bird & Animal Control for more information and assistance in obtaining permits.

Goose controlin Toronto is a growing issued these days. The citie's harbourrfront properties continue to record an increase in the Canada goose population - condos, parks, marinas, patios, and green roofs are prime targets. Iit is important to get rid of geese near the harbourfront swiftly to avoid cleanup of the subsequent mess, mitigate the risks of health and safety hazards as well as minimize a loss of reputation.

Goose Removal in the Harbourfront Area

So, Why Do Geese Love the Harbourfront So Much?

• Toronto's waterfront offers abundant green space and manicured lawns (ideal for goose grazing);
  
  
• The proximity to water provides plenty of safety for nesting and escape from land-dwelling predators;
  
  
• Because of constant human traffic, urban environments tend to discourage the presence of natural predators;
  
  
• Human presence also means supplementary wildlife feeding - intentional or accidental.
  
  

The Impact of Geese Infestations on Harbourfront Properties

Property Damage 

Excessive goose grazing leads to lawn destruction and the resulting fecal matter contaminates pathways, docks, and buildings.

Health Risks

Geese, like many bird species, carry and transmit a slew of diseases through feces and feathers, both bacterial and parasitic in nature. Some examples are Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Safety Concerns

Canada geese are fiercely protective of their nests and offspring and known for aggressive behavior, particularly during the spring and early summer. Additionally, there are increased risks of slip-and-fall accidents due to wet and slippery surfaces from droppings.

Environmental Impact

Excessive goose droppings degrade water quality in the harbour. This becomes an even bigger concern for smaller bodies of water.

Most Affected Harbourfront Properties

• Condominium Rooftops & Green Spaces – they are ideal for nesting due to their height, warmth, and safety.
  
  
• Marinas, Floating Docks & Ferry Landings – these provide perfect resting zones for geese with minimal disturbance.
  
  
• Public Parks & Trails (HTO Park, Harbour Square Park) – with short grass, access to water, and food dropped by tourists, Toronto's parks make for perfect goose habitats.
  
  
• Restaurant Patios & Courtyards – food-seeking geese are persistent beggars and leave an unsanitary mess.
  
  
• Event Spaces & Open Waterfront Lots – geese often disrupt public events and make areas unusable.
  
  

Challenges of Waterfront Goose Control 

• Geese feel protected near water — escape routes, open views, and nesting privacy.
  
  
• Noise deterrents and decoys are largely ineffective and inappropriate for public settings.
  
  
• Legal protection under the Migratory Birds Convention Act demands permits for any and all goose control or removal methods.
  
  
• Nests may be hidden or inaccessible under benches and shrubs, around HVAC units, on rooftops, or below docks.
  
  

Should You Wait to Deal with a Canada Goose Problem?

No, you should not. Your problem, much like a flock of geese, will increase exponentially with time. Here's why:

• Canada geese return to the same nesting location to hatch 5-7 goslings every year.
  
  
• Nesting geese become territorial and aggressive — a public safety issue.
  
  
• Goose droppings carry bacteria and parasites, stain surfaces, and increase fall/injury risks.
  
  

Waterfront properties experience some of the most persistent Canada goose problems because, unlike other properties, lakefront sites naturally provide almost everything geese need. That can make it particularly difficult to get rid of geese on a waterfront property without addressing the conditions that attract them in the first place.

This article will explore what you can do to get rid of geese and discourage them from settling around your lakefront home and when it's time to call in professional help.

Ahhh.. summer is on the horizon and with the warmer weather we all look forward to activities near or on the water. Unfortunately, so do our beloved Canada geese.

Of course, being waterfowl, they love and in fact need water. And, here in Ontario, we have plenty of lakes (large and small), beaches, marinas, and parks offering water features.

In fact, Toronto and its nearby cottage regions have over 250,000 lakes!

Let’s have a look at what we can do to get rid of geese from our docks and marinas this summer:

What’s The Issue with Geese on Docks?

• Geese are loud, messy, and often times aggressive. Probably not what we look for in our summer retreat with the kids.
• Goose droppings (especially excessive amounts) also pose some fairly significant issues related to health, water quality, and slip-and-fall accidents.

Goose control and management efforts are necessary to help protect you and your family, marina and park employees, and the public at large. Please note that ALL goose removal efforts require planning and permits. Read on and learn what keeps geese off docks and which geese control methods yield the best long-term results.

Why Geese Flock to Docks

• Open, flat sightlines offer visibility and safety
  Geese are most comfortable on even ground with little or no obstructions – this enables them to spot predators early and retreat to the water for safety.
  
  
• Easy access to water
  Water is not only necessary for hydration, but also provides a safe haven for geese.
  
  
• Lack of natural predators in urban and cottage settings
  Even though the overall setting may be rural in cottage country, the constant presence of humans and their shenanigans pretty much assures that predators keep their distance.
  
  
• Human feeding and lack of deterrence reinforce their presence
  The absolute worst thing we can do is feed geese. Yes, the goslings are adorable and will come close and we may even get to pet them. But we are creating the very problem that we’ll later lament and want solved.
  
  

Cottage Waterfronts & Private Docks

Goose Control Challenges:

• Docks are often unmonitored and void of human activity for long stretches;
• Owners want minimal disruption and no damage to natural surroundings.

Most Effective Solutions:

• Birds of Prey
  After the initial 10-12 days of flying birds of prey, twice weekly falconry visits are highly effective. Falconry for Geese Control requires an experienced falconer and large birds of prey (like eagles).
  
  
• Habitat Modification
  Growing grass along the shoreline taller will help and also adding low fences or shrubs around water access points will discourage geese. This is something cottage owners can do on their own.
  
  
• Laser Deterrents
  Lasers are quiet and minimally invasive; they work best in low light (early morning/after sunset) and make the environment appear unpredictable and potentially unsafe for geese to nest. This requires handling by a professional.
  
  
• Pyrotechnics
  The drawback, of course, is the noise disturbance. But pyrotechnics are highly effective geese deterrents for docks if also deployed in low light conditions (similar to lasers). This requires a licensed and experienced operator.
  
  
• Nest Removal (Not Addling/Oiling)
  Hawkeye Bird & Animal Controldoes not necessarily endorse egg oiling. It doesn’t solve the problem at hand because the geese don’t realize that their eggs are no longer viable. They will continue to sit on their nests and remain a constant presence throughout the summer months. Egg addling or oiling also needs to be handled by professionals.
  
  

Toronto and its surrounding areas are home to lovely architecture that often features beautiful, cozy courtyards and rooftop gardens. You know who else enjoys these hidden treasures? Our ever-present Canada goose population!

From Mississauga and Markham's large office parks with courtyards and water features to Vaughan and Oakville's upscale cozy residential hideaways and common areas, geese are claiming these spaces in ever-increasing numbers.

Many GTA residents assume that Canada geese will soon leave, so the problem is almost over. But in reality, goose activity often increases before migration.

In fact, during the pre-migration period, as families gather before beginning their long journey, goose behaviour can lead to larger flocks and even greater impacts on GTA properties. Understanding Canada goose migration and planning pre-migration goose control can help reduce property damage before flocks become established.

How Canada Geese Prepare for Fall Migration

Geese Increase Their Daily Feeding Activity

• Increased feeding to build energy reserves
• Longer feeding periods
• Greater use of lawns, fields, and open green spaces
  
  

Moultinghappens during June and July and consists of Canada geese dropping and regrowing their primary flight feathers before fall migration. During this time the birds are grounded and unable to fly. 

Why Do Geese moult?

All waterfowl moult during the summer, not just Canada geese.

• Moulting helps regulate their body temperature in the summer heat by increasing the area of bare skin.
  
  
• By shedding old or damaged feathers, geese can make way for new, healthy, dense  feathers that will allow for migration and also help them stay warm once temperatures drop.
  
  

While we may still be buried under snow and ice, the arrival of Canada geese in the GTA is only weeks away. With spring goose season approaching quickly, now is the time to educate yourself and consider options for geese control—before the birds settle in and begin nesting.

Canada geese may return from their southern winter home as early as March. Once geese establish a nest, removal becomes significantly more difficult due to regulations and aggressive behaviour. Early prevention is the most effective and cost-efficient approach. Contact Hawkeye Bird & Animal Control now. 

Are you tired of geese taking over your property, leaving behind a mess and causing damage? Many property owners face this challenge, especially during geese migration seasons.

Let’s dive into some practical solutions on how to remove geese from your property, ensuring a peaceful and clean outdoor space.

Why Do Geese Come to My Property?

Geese are attracted to well-manicured lawns, water features, and abundant food sources. They prefer open, grassy areas where they can easily spot predators while grazing on the short grass. If your property has a pond or is near a water body, it automatically becomes twice as appealing to these birds.

Because geese are also creatures of habit, they’ll typically return to the same location year after year. This is due to their strong homing instinct, which makes them remember and revisit places, especially after a successful nesting season. 

But even if you don’t think that geese in your space are a big deal, they can cause significant property damage by trampling and eating plants, and their droppings can create health hazards.

Geese may also become aggressive, especially during nesting season, posing a threat to pets and humans alike.

The breeding and nesting season for Canada Geese begins early each spring and families of geese are with us all summer long. And, with their stay come a host of issues - from mild annoyances to goose attacks, property damage, and the threat of diseases.

Many home and property owners desperately seek solutions to get rid of geese from residential and commercial properties. While destroying a goose nest before the goslings hatch is the most effective way to discourage geese from lingering until their fall migration AND reduce the probability of them returning to the same spot next year, there are some legal considerations.

So, Can You Legally Destroy a Goose Nest?

Yes - but ONLY with a permit issued by the Canadian Wildlife Service. Let's look at this in more detail...

Why You Can't Just Destroy a Goose Nest

The Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA): The Primary Federal Law

The Migratory Birds Convention Act (MBCA) is a Canadian law, that was originally created in 1917 and updated to its current version in 1994. It is based on the Migratory Birds Convention (also known as the Migratory Bird Treaty) which was agreed upon and signed by Canada and the United States in 1916. The Act aims to protect migratory birds, their eggs, and nests from activities like hunting, trafficking, and commercialization without proper permits. It also allows for the creation of Migratory Bird Sanctuaries.

The Migratory Birds Convention Act prohibits the killing, disturbing, removing, owning or selling, or destruction of migratory birds, their nests, and their eggs without a permit. Canada Geese are migratory birds and covered by this Act.

Ontario's Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 (and associated regulations)

The Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act from 1997 (FWCA) in Ontario regulates the hunting and trapping of wildlife, including geese. Although the FWCA doesn't specifically target geese, it does protect wildlife in general, including goose nests and eggs. Canada Geese, are also subject to the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (Canada) which provides additional protections.

All permits surrounding geese control, removal, and/or management are issued by the Canadian Wildlife Service, and they are generally granted only when there is a demonstrable need to protect public health, safety, or property. Permits are required for each method of goose control and each location, as deemed necessary. The Canadian Wildlife Service's prominent role is to protect wildlife and prevent unnecessary suffering.

Municipal By-Laws

Additionally, interference with geese and other wildlife may be further regulated by municipal by-laws. Virtually every city and town in Ontario has by-laws that prohibit the feeding of wildlife on public or private land. Under Toronto’s Animals By-law, feeding wildlife can earn you a fine of up to $365. By-laws such as this aim to help wildlife stay wild and out of harm's way.

What Are the Fines for Disturbing Canada Goose Nests Illegally?

The Middlesex-London Health Unitin Ontario is asking the public not to touch wild birds. This is in response to positive identification of several wild birds who succumbed to Avian Influenza in recent months.

Canada Geese and Avian Flu

Recently, Ontario has seen an increase in the identification of birds killed by a deadly strain of avian flu known as H5NX. Three Canadian Geese recently found deceased in London and Strathroy tested positive for the highly pathogenic strain. In general, wild aquatic birds (water fowl) like geese, ducks, swans, and storks are most likely to harbor the disease - Avian influenza A viruses occur naturally in wild aquatic birds. 

How is Avian Influenza Transmitted?

Who is at Risk of contracting Bird Flu?

Agricultural workers, particularly poultry and cattle farm workers and operators face the highest risk of coming in contact with Bird Flu. To a lesser extent, landfill workers may also be exposed - even though there are strict regulations when it comes to the disposal of dead birds.

Signs of Avian Influenza

Birds infected with Avian Influenza

Most people's instinct is to help when we see a struggling animal. If you observe any of the following symptoms in a wild bird, please resist the urge to help or comfort:

• Lack of energy or movement - Lethargy
• Nervousness, tremors, or lack of coordination
• Swelling around the head, neck, and eyes
• Coughing, gasping for air, or sneezing
• Diarrhea
• Sudden death

Avian Flu in Pets

Domestic Pets, can become infected and suffer from Avian Influenza. Cats in particular can experience severe illness leading to eventual death from infection with H5N1. Dogs can also contract the virus, although they usually exhibit mild clinical signs and low mortality compared to cats. Here are some of the symptoms to look for:

• Lethargy and Weakness: A noticeable lack of energy or not doing normal activities.
• Fever: Elevated body temperature, which may make your pet seem more sluggish or uncomfortable.
• Vomiting or Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal upset that is unusual for your pet
• What to do if you find a Dead Bird

In the last article, we discussed why graveyards and cemeteries are so vulnerable when it comes to Canada geese infestation. Now, we'll look at how to remedy goose breeding and nesting and how to prevent the same problem from occurring again next spring.

Deterrents and DIY solutions are not a viable, long-term option to prevent Canada geese from nesting and grazing in GTA cemeteries and memorial parks.

Goose populations in the GTA and the rest of southern Ontario have continued to increase. While the iconic Canadian geese are a welcome sight after a long winter, their presence and what they leave behind wreaks havoc on our public parks and green spaces. As the number of these birds continues to grow, public park goose control has become an increasingly important priority for municipalities responsible for maintaining safe, clean, and enjoyable green spaces.

Parks in the Greater Toronto Area (community parks, waterfront parks, and regional parks) often support large resident Canada goose populations as they provide everything geese want and need:

• Open grass
• Water access
• Limited predator pressure
• Large gathering areas